According to the "Several Opinions of the State Council on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Maritime Industry", by 2020, China will basically establish a safe, convenient, efficient, green, and internationally competitive modern maritime system.

This year is the first year of the "13th Five-Year Plan". The representatives of the port and shipping industry who participated in the "Two Sessions" across the country focused on the goals of the "13th Five-Year Plan" and made suggestions from multiple angles to "open the pulse" for the healthy development of the port and shipping industry and promote the industry Write a new chapter. To this end, the reporter once wrote the "Voice of Port and Shipping of the National" Two Sessions "" to give a key report.

Recently, the reporter further combed and found that there are many remarkable points in the "13th five-year Plan" shipping roadmap, and summed up several key words for this.

Speed up the construction of shipping center

The positioning of Shanghai's construction of the "four centers" was first clarified when the State Council approved the "Shanghai City Master Plan" in 2001. In addition to Shanghai, the shipping centers currently recognized at the national level also include Tianjin, Dalian, Xiamen, Nanjing, Wuhan, Chongqing, and many shipping centers built by local governments, such as Qingdao, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. These shipping centers are positioned in three levels based on their own advantages and characteristics: the first level serves the global shipping market and has the ability to allocate global shipping resources, such as the Shanghai Shipping Center; the second level has regional international service capabilities, such as the Tianjin Shipping Center; The third level serves the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, such as the Wuhan Shipping Center. No matter what level of shipping center, it plays an extremely important role in promoting the development of regional economic integration.

The construction of Shanghai's "four centers" also appeared in the planning of the Yangtze River economic belt, which proposed to give full play to the leading role of Shanghai's "four centers". This means that the construction of the "four centers" will be an important part of the national strategy to promote the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

The 13th five-year Plan puts forward "building a world-class urban agglomeration in the Yangtze River Delta" in the chapter of "urbanization layout". This group includes 26 cities in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and other provinces and cities. This is the urbanized area with the most developed economy and the highest concentration of cities and towns in China. It accounts for only 2.1 percent of the country's land area and concentrates 1/4 of the country's total economic output and more than 1/4 of the industrial added value. This is far-reaching for Shanghai. Relevant experts believe that this means that Shanghai should change its development concept and shift from an urban perspective to a new dimension of "urban agglomeration" and regional integration.

During the 13th Five Year Plan period, the shipping center in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in Wuhan will be basically completed. 169 construction projects are planned in five years, with an investment of nearly 200 billion yuan. Guangdong, Tianjin and other places have also proposed to increase the construction of shipping centers, and the two-wheel drive of sea and air ports has become the goal of development in various places.

Experts pointed out that the construction of the shipping center is of great significance to the economic transformation and long-term development of the city. Taking the layout to promote the all-round opening of the shipping center as the starting point, leading the rapid development of the economic center and the trade center, promoting the linkage of the shipping center, the financial center and the trade center, and gathering the global flow of people, logistics and capital. We should attach great importance to the construction of shipping center from the strategic point of view, learn from the experience of the construction of shipping center in the global free port area, create an international shipping city with its own characteristics, and build a new layout of all-round opening up for linkage development.

Improve the collection and distribution system

Infrastructure interconnection and the improvement of the port collection and distribution system are not only the objective needs of the construction of a shipping center, but also the priority areas of the "Belt and Road" construction.

The western region will make use of its geographical advantages to promote the interconnection of backbone networks with neighboring countries and improve the level of transport facilitation. Yunnan Province has a unique location advantage of facing "Sanya" (East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia) and shouldering "two oceans" (Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean). During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, Yunnan Province strives to form an all-round open international transportation channel. Fully cooperate with the country to promote the construction of international roads such as China-Myanmar, China-Laos-Thailand, Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar, and accelerate the interconnection of backbone road networks in neighboring countries. Cooperate with the national level to further coordinate China-Laos and China-Vietnam transportation facilitation measures, promote the signing of China-Myanmar, China-Laos-Thailand transportation agreements, deepen bilateral and multi-party transportation cooperation, and further enhance the level of international transportation facilitation.

As the core area of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, Xinjiang Autonomous Region made great efforts to promote the level of traffic interconnection opening to the west. On the one hand, speed up the construction of major highway corridors in the region, strengthen the interconnection between external corridors and domestic road networks, and use transportation network connectivity to promote policy communication, smooth trade, financing, and people-to-people connections; on the other hand, strengthen the development of international road transportation. Actively cooperate with the Ministry of Transport to vigorously open up multilateral international road transportation routes such as China, Kazakhstan, Russia, China, Mongolia and Russia, and improve the coverage and depth of transportation routes, actively promote the development of international road transportation in China and Russia, China and Kazakhstan, China and Tajikistan, China and Kyrgyzstan, China and Pakistan, and China and Mongolia; continue to implement international road transportation brand demonstration projects, and strive to improve service quality.

The eastern coastal areas will give full play to the advantages of ports, speed up the construction of maritime transport channels, and improve the international maritime transport service function.

The Yangtze River Economic Belt spans three major regions in the east, middle and west, covering 11 provinces and 0.6 billion populations. It has unique advantages and huge development potential. The Yangtze River is the golden waterway with the largest freight volume in the world. Last year, the freight volume of the Yangtze River trunk line exceeded 2.18 billion tons. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, local transportation departments will focus on improving the functions of the Yangtze River Golden Waterway and accelerate the construction of comprehensive three-dimensional transportation corridors along the Yangtze River. This year and in the next five years, all localities will take the golden waterway of the Yangtze River as the main axis, strengthen the railway transportation network along the Yangtze River, optimize the highway transportation network, expand the air transportation network, and accelerate the construction of comprehensive transportation channels.

According to the "Outline of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of Fujian Province", as the core area of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road", Fujian will build an important hub for interconnection during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period. Strengthen the construction of maritime channels, promote port and shipping cooperation with countries and regions along the "Maritime Silk", and strive to open Fujian-Taiwan-Hong Kong-ASEAN cruise routes. Strengthen the construction of aviation hubs and air corridors, and actively expand overseas routes. Improve land-sea transport channels and promote the construction of land channels focusing on the port collection and distribution system. Improve the customs clearance system at ports and accelerate the construction of port infrastructure. Actively build a strategic channel and comprehensive hub in the core area of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road" that serves the whole country and faces the world.

In South China, during the 13th five-year Plan period, Guangdong Province will speed up the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area logistics hub, build a comprehensive logistics channel based on Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, radiate the Asia-Pacific region, and face the world, smooth land and sea transport channels with countries and regions along the route, establish a mechanism for cooperation with ports along the route, and promote the integration of logistics information. At the same time, we will speed up the construction of modern shipping service clusters, promote the innovation of shipping policies in the pilot free trade zone, and improve the function of international shipping services.

The Guangxi Autonomous Region will give full play to its unique advantages of being adjacent to the land and sea of ASEAN countries, focus on building and improving major international channels from the province to the sea, strengthen the interconnection of infrastructure with South and Southeast Asian countries, and rationally allocate the scale and structure of the integrated transportation network And layout. At the same time, we should further strengthen opening up and cooperation, expand the scope of radiation, improve the service level of international transport facilitation, and accelerate the formation of a new transportation pattern of comprehensive opening up and development along the coast and along the Yangtze River.

In the next five years, Liaoning Province in Northeast China will promote the construction of comprehensive transportation corridors of "Liao Manchurian Europe", "Liao Mengou" and "Liao Haiou", focusing on promoting ro-ro transportation, drop-and-hang transportation, urban distribution and other transportation organization methods. Strengthen the effective connection of important cities, industrial parks, logistics parks and major channels, and improve the level of port customs clearance integration.

In addition, according to the plan, this year and the next five years, the transportation departments of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will take active actions in strengthening infrastructure construction and improving comprehensive transportation services to promote the first breakthrough in the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei transportation.

Creating Green Shipping

PM2.5 has led to increasing attention to air quality, and maritime emissions have attracted unprecedented attention. Shipping has long been regarded as an environmentally friendly mode of transportation, but now it has become one of the hot issues in large coastal port cities due to people's increasing concern about environmental issues and atmospheric particulate matter emissions from ships and port operations. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the green development of maritime transport and the establishment of emission control zones were put on the agenda and gradually promoted.

Gao Meiqin, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, said that oily sewage, domestic sewage, garbage, and gas emitted by burning diesel oil discharged during ship operation are important sources of pollution, which not only harm the river and sea water environment, but also pose a threat to the port's atmospheric environment. Ecological construction and protection should be strengthened. Ship pollution needs to be strengthened by the state to promote the green development of Yangtze River shipping, strengthen the prevention and control of ship pollution and the promotion and application of clean energy ship types.

Tang Guanjun, director of the Yangtze River Shipping Administration, said that the Yangtze River Shipping Administration will accelerate the development of Yangtze River shipping with green environmental protection as an important feature, and provide solid guarantee and support for the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Strengthen the research and application of new technologies, implement the most stringent environmental protection system, accelerate the transformation of development methods, establish and improve policies, regulations, standards, monitoring, and evaluation systems, implement scientific and comprehensive policies, promote the implementation of the "Green Yangtze River" project, and strictly control ships, Port pollution, promote the use of shore electricity by ships, set up ship discharge ban areas, lay out hazardous chemical ship washing stations, etc., to protect the ecological environment. At the same time, Tang Champion believes that the appropriate increase in the Three Gorges Project flood control limit water level has been demonstrated conditions.

Yang Xiaoxia, a deputy to the National People's Congress, proposed that air pollution from coastal ships should not be ignored and that legislation and standard-setting should be strengthened as soon as possible. The lack of ship environmental protection standards and the lag of ship environmental protection management are also important reasons for ship pollution. It is suggested that the national environmental protection department should take the lead in drafting relevant mandatory laws and regulations to limit the discharge of pollutants in ports. Formulate preferential policies in the construction of port clean energy facilities and the price of mandatory use of clean energy. The maritime department shall strengthen the supervision and management of ships entering the port, and all ships entering the port shall use low-sulfur diesel oil and punish those who violate the regulations. Strengthen the construction of green ports, implement the "oil to gas" of tugboats in the port, and adopt LNG tugboats to reduce the exhaust emissions of port vessels.

Hu Keyi, chief engineer of Jiangnan Shipbuilding, pointed out that China should pay more attention to the environmental pollution caused by ship emissions, take the construction of shipping center as an opportunity, accelerate the implementation of emission standards in coastal areas, promote the application and supporting of new energy or alternative energy, and improve the integrated operation and transportation to improve the comprehensive emission reduction effect.

The 13th five year plan clearly puts forward such contents as "carrying out water pollution control and comprehensive environmental improvement in Hangzhou Bay", "implementing the internal treatment of rivers and lakes such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River", and "promoting the comprehensive treatment of seven key river basins such as the Yangtze River". It is pointed out that all provinces and cities should cooperate to promote the joint prevention and control of environmental pollution.

Great integration of port and shipping enterprises

According to the plan, by 2020, the competitiveness of China's shipping industry will be significantly improved, the world status of maritime service trade exports will be further enhanced, the balance of imports and exports will be significantly improved, and a number of large-scale and powerful shipping enterprise groups will be formed.

On December 29 last year, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission announced that, with the approval of the State Council, Sinotrans Changhang Group as a whole was merged into China Merchants Group and became its wholly-owned subsidiary.

COSCO Shipping Group, formed by the merger of COSCO and China Shipping, was established in Shanghai on February 18. The reorganization involved 74 asset transactions with a transaction amount of 60 billion yuan, which was called the most complex transaction in the history of the capital market by industry insiders.

Xu Lirong, chairman of China COSCO Shipping Group, said that at present, the shipping industry continues to be in the doldrums. In the past, the two enterprises have their own affairs, have a homogeneous layout, have no advantage in market segments, and are untenable in international competition. After the integration of resources, the resources of the two enterprises will be enlarged to produce greater synergy and scale effect. Through the integration, COSCO Shipping Group has become the first enterprise in the world in terms of comprehensive transportation capacity. The integrated China Ocean Shipping Group has total assets of 610 billion yuan and 118000 employees. The four indicators of fleet comprehensive capacity, dry bulk cargo own capacity, tanker capacity and general cargo special ship capacity rank first in the world. Six indicators such as container terminal, berth, throughput and ship fuel sales are among the top in the world.

In addition to the integration of shipping companies, the integration of ports in the region is also the general trend. Zhao Nan, director of the Port Research Office of the Shanghai International Shipping Research Center, believes that from the perspective of national strategy, the integration of port resources is in line with the trend of national strategic transformation. From the perspective of provinces, ports play a great role in driving the urban economy, and local governments hope to enhance regional competitiveness through the integration of local port resources. From the point of view of the port itself, many enterprises have developed a large number of port coastlines, the port development functions are similar, and the homogenization competition among ports is serious. Through the integration of port resources, the ports can be integrated with capital as a link, which is conducive to the healthy development of the entire port group and avoids vicious competition. In addition, through resource integration, resource utilization can be improved to avoid over-exploitation of port resources.

Improving the shipping service environment

Industry insiders told reporters that promoting shipping service agglomeration areas, extending the upstream and downstream industrial chains of the shipping industry, building local shipping exchanges, and developing shipping finance and derivatives are important ways to improve the comprehensive allocation and competitiveness of shipping. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, in addition to paying attention to the investment and improvement of hardware, all localities clearly proposed to improve the soft environment of shipping services.

Since the construction of a "maritime power" has become a national strategy, in response to the structural adjustment of the maritime market, the four national ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Administrative Measures for the Special Funds for the Scrapping and Renewal of Old Transport Ships and Single-Hull Tankers", which has strongly promoted the structure of maritime transport capacity. adjustment. According to people familiar with the matter, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to learn from the experience of developed countries, study and improve fiscal and taxation policies related to international shipping, and implement maritime economic policies that are equivalent to other shipping powers.

Taking administrative fees such as port construction fees as an example, the proportion of this fee in the overall cost of the port is higher than that of similar foreign countries. Although the port system has been reformed and the government has been separated from the enterprise, most of the public infrastructure construction involving the port is borne by the port enterprises themselves, but the port construction fee still needs to be handed over to the central and local governments. Experts suggest that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the national and provincial governments should give more policy support in attracting talents.